Nyanzvi yezvesayenzi yezvesayenzi, Tom Knight, akati, "Zana remakore rechi21 richave zana remakore rezvesayenzi yezvesayenzi." Ndiye mumwe wevakatanga zvesayenzi yezvesayenzi yezvesayenzi uye mumwe wevakatanga vashanu veGinkgo Bioworks, kambani ine mukurumbira muzvesayenzi yezvesayenzi. Kambani iyi yakanyorwa paNew York Stock Exchange musi wa18 Gunyana, uye kukosha kwayo kwakasvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica.
Zvinhu zvaifarirwa naTom Knight pakutsvagisa zvakachinja kubva pakudzidza makombiyuta kuenda kukudzidza biology. Kubva panguva yaaipedza chikoro chesekondari, aishandisa nguva yezororo rezhizha kudzidza makombiyuta nezvirongwa zvemakombiyuta paMIT, uye akazopedzawo dhigirii rake redhigirii repamusoro neredhigirii repamusoro paMIT.
Tom Knight Achiziva kuti Mutemo waMoore waifanotaura miganhu yekushandiswa kwevanhu kwemaatomu esilicon, akatendeukira kuzvinhu zvipenyu. "Tinoda nzira yakasiyana yekuisa maatomu panzvimbo chaiyo... Ndeipi kemesitiri yakaoma kunzwisisa? I biochemistry. Ndinofungidzira kuti unogona kushandisa biomolecules, dzakadai semapuroteni, anogona kuzviunganidza ega uye kuungana mukati mehuwandu hwaunoda. crystallization."
Kushandisa kufunga kweinjiniya kwehuwandu uye kwemhando yepamusoro kugadzira zvinyorwa zvebhayoloji kwave nzira itsva yekutsvagisa. Biology yekugadzira zvinhu yakaita sedanho guru muruzivo rwevanhu. Semunda weinjiniya, sainzi yemakombiyuta, biology, nezvimwewo, gore rekutanga rebiology yekugadzira zvinhu rakaiswa mugore ra2000.
Muzvidzidzo zviviri zvakaburitswa gore rino, pfungwa yekugadzira dunhu revanoongorora zvipenyu yakawana simba rekudzora kugadzirwa kwemajini.
Masayendisiti epaYunivhesiti yeBoston vakagadzira chinjo yeGene toggle muE. coli. Iyi modhi inoshandisa mamodule maviri emagene chete. Nekudzora zvinokurudzira zvekunze, kutaura kwemagene kunogona kuvhurwa kana kuvharwa.
Mugore rimwe chete, masayendisiti paYunivhesiti yePrinceton akashandisa mamodule matatu emagene kuti awane "oscillation" mode output mu circuit signal nekushandisa mutual inhibition uye release of inhibition pakati pavo.
Dhayagiramu yekuchinja chinja cheGene
Musangano Wekuserura
Pamusangano wacho, ndakanzwa vanhu vachitaura nezve "nyama yekugadzirwa."
Vachitevera muenzaniso wekombuta, "musangano wekuzvironga wega weunconference" wekutaurirana mahara, vamwe vanhu vanonwa doro uye vanotaura: Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvinobudirira zviripo mu "Synthetic Biology"? Mumwe munhu akataura nezve "nyama yekugadzira" pasi peImpossible Food.
Impossible Food haisati yambozviti kambani ye "synthetic biology", asi chinhu chikuru chinoisiyanisa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvekugadzira - hemoglobin inoita kuti nyama yemuriwo inhuhwirire "nyama" yakasiyana inobva kukambani iyi makore makumi maviri apfuura. Yemabhizinesi matsva.
Tekinoroji inoshandiswa ndeyekushandisa kugadzirisa majini zviri nyore kuti mbiriso ikwanise kugadzira "hemoglobin." Kuti tishandise mazwi ebiology yekugadzira, mbiriso inova "fekitori yemasero" inogadzira zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvido zvevanhu.
Chii chinoita kuti nyama ive tsvuku uye ine hwema hwakasiyana kana ichinaka? Chikafu Chisingagoneki chinoonekwa se "hemoglobin" yakawanda munyama. Hemoglobin inowanikwa muzvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana, asi huwandu hwayo hwakanyanya mutsandanyama dzemhuka.
Saka, hemoglobin yakasarudzwa nemuvambi wekambani iyi uye nyanzvi yezvemakemikari Patrick O. Brown se "chinonhuhwirira chikuru" chekuenzanisa nyama yemhuka. Achitora "zvinonhuhwirira" izvi kubva mumiti, Brown akasarudza soya dzine hemoglobin yakawanda kubva pamidzi yadzo.
Nzira yechinyakare yekugadzira inoda kubviswa zvakananga kwe "hemoglobin" kubva pamidzi yesoya. Kirogiramu imwe chete ye "hemoglobin" inoda maeka matanhatu esoya. Kubviswa kwezvirimwa kunodhura, uye Impossible Food yakagadzira nzira itsva: kuisa jini rinogona kuunganidza hemoglobin mumbiriso, uye mbiriso painokura uye ichiberekana, hemoglobin inokura. Kuti tishandise fananidzo, izvi zvakafanana nekurega goose richiisa mazai zvichienderana nehutachiona.
Heme, iyo inotorwa kubva mumiti, inoshandiswa mumaburger e "nyama yekugadzira"
Tekinoroji itsva dzinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira uku dzichideredza zviwanikwa zvechisikigo zvinodyiwa nekudyara. Sezvo zvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzira zviri mbiriso, shuga, uye zvicherwa, hapana marara akawanda emakemikari anoraswa. Kana uchifunga nezvazvo, iyi tekinoroji "inoita kuti ramangwana rive nani".
Vanhu pavanotaura nezve tekinoroji iyi, ndinonzwa kuti iyi ingori tekinoroji iri nyore. Mukuona kwavo, kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva padanho remajini nenzira iyi. Mapurasitiki anoora, zvinonhuwira, mishonga mitsva nemajekiseni, mishonga yezvipembenene yezvirwere zvakasiyana, uye kunyange kushandiswa kwecarbon dioxide kugadzira starch… Ndakatanga kufungidzira nezvemikana inounzwa nebiotechnology.
Verenga, nyora, uye gadzirisa majini
DNA inotakura ruzivo rwese rwehupenyu kubva kwarunobva, uye ndiyowo tsime rezviuru zvehunhu hwehupenyu.
Mazuva ano, vanhu vanogona kuverenga zviri nyore DNA sequence uye kugadzira DNA sequence zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwayo. Pamusangano uyu, ndakanzwa vanhu vachitaura nezve CRISPR tekinoroji yakahwina Nobel Prize muna 2020 muChemistry kakawanda. Iyi tekinoroji, inonzi "Genetic Magic Scissor", inogona kuwana nekucheka DNA nemazvo, nokudaro ichigadzirisa majini.
Zvichibva pahunyanzvi uhwu hwekugadzirisa majini, makambani mazhinji matsva akabuda. Mamwe anoishandisa kugadzirisa kurapa majini ezvirwere zvakaoma zvakaita sekenza nezvirwere zvemajini, uye mamwe anoishandisa kurima nhengo dzemuviri dzevanhu kuti dzitorerwe uye kuona zvirwere.
Tekinoroji yekugadzirisa majini yapinda mubhizinesi nekukurumidza zvekuti vanhu vanoona mikana mikuru ye biotechnology. Kubva pamaonero ekuvandudzwa kwe biotechnology pachayo, mushure mekunge kuverenga, kugadzira, uye kugadzirisa magenetique sequences zvakura, danho rinotevera nderekugadzira kubva padanho remajini kugadzira zvinhu zvinogutsa zvinodiwa nevanhu. Tekinoroji ye biology yekugadzira inogonawo kunzwisiswa sedanho rinotevera mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemajini.
Masayendisiti maviri Emmanuelle Charpentier naJennifer A. Doudna uye vakahwina Mubairo weNobel we2020 muChemistry weCRISPR tekinoroji.
"Vanhu vazhinji vanga vachinyanya kufunga nezvetsanangudzo yesainzi yebhayoloji... Kusawirirana kwerudzi urwu kwakaitika pakati peinjiniya nebhayoloji. Ndinofunga kuti chero chinhu chinobuda kubva pane izvi chatanga kunzi sainzi yebhayoloji yesainzi." Tom Knight akadaro.
Kubva pakutanga kwenharaunda yekurima, vanhu vakaongorora nekuchengetedza hunhu hwemhuka nemiti zvavanoda kuburikidza nekusanganisa zvirimwa kwenguva refu uye kusarudza. Biology yekugadzira inotangira zvakananga kubva padanho remajini kuti igadzire hunhu hunoda vanhu. Parizvino, masayendisiti ashandisa tekinoroji yeCRISPR kurima murabhoritari.
Mumwe wevarongi vemusangano uyu, Muvambi weQiji, Lu Qi, akataura muvhidhiyo yekutanga kuti biotechnology inogona kuunza shanduko huru pasi rose sezvakaita tekinoroji yekare yeInternet. Izvi zvinoita sekunge zvinosimbisa kuti maCEO eInternet vese vakaratidza kufarira sayenzi yehupenyu pavakasiya basa.
Vanhu vane mukurumbira pa internet vari kuteerera. Ko mafambiro ebhizinesi resainzi yehupenyu ari kuuya here?
Tom Knight (wekutanga kubva kuruboshwe) nevamwe vana vakatanga Ginkgo Bioworks | Ginkgo Bioworks
Panguva yekudya kwemasikati, ndakanzwa nhau: Unilever yakati musi wa2 Gunyana kuti ichaisa bhiriyoni imwe chete yemaeuro kuti ibvise mafuta efossil muzvinhu zvakachena panosvika gore ra2030.
Mukati memakore gumi, sipo yekuwachisa mbatya, hupfu hwekuwachisa, uye zvigadzirwa zvesipo zvinogadzirwa neProcter & Gamble zvichatanga kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemiti zvishoma nezvishoma kana tekinoroji yekubata kabhoni. Kambani iyi yakaisawo parutivi imwe bhiriyoni imwe yemaeuro kuti itange mari yekutsvaga ruzivo nezve biotechnology, kabhoni dioxide nedzimwe tekinoroji dzekuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni.
Vanhu vakandiudza nhau idzi, seni ndakanzwa nhau idzi, vakashamisika zvishoma nenguva isingasviki makore gumi: Kutsvaga nekuvandudza tekinoroji kusvika pakugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda kuchaitwa zvizere munguva pfupi yakadaro here?
Asi ndinotarisira kuti zvichaitika.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-31-2021